Uncategories Tense सीखे

Tense सीखे

December 18, 2013

TENSE
·        fØ;k ds os fofHkUu :Ik ftuds )kjk le; dh fofHkUu voLFkkvksa dk cks/k gksrk gS] mUgs Tense dgk tkrk gSA
PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT INDEFINITE
·        Ikgpku & bl Tense ds fgUnh ds okD;ksa ds vUr esa rk gS] rh gS] rs gS vkfn ’kCn vkrs gSA
·        Ikz;ksx &
1- orZeku dky esa lkoZHkkSfed lR;] fu;ferk] oSKkfud rF;] dgkorksa ,oa eqgkojks vkfn ds fy, Tense dk     iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS %&                                              
The sun rises in the east.                                                                                               ¼lkoZHkkSfed lR;½
Sita always comes late.                                                                                                                 ¼vknr½               
I read newspaper every morning.                                                                                             ¼fu;ferk½                                                                                         
Water freezes at zero degrees centigrade.                                                                      ¼oSKkfud rF;½
Slow and steady wins the race.                                                                                                ¼dgkor½
2- Future Tense esa ’krZ izdV djus ds fy, If ;k When ds lkFk &
     If he comes to me, I will give him my book.
     He will play when his father goes out.
3- orZeku fLFkfr dk cks/k djokus ds fy, &
     He his kill.
     They are at home.
4- lekpkj Ik=ksa ds ’kh"kZd esa &
    Three die in a car-truck accident.
     The primeminister visits presendent.
5- vk¡[kks ns[kk gky lqukus ds fy, &
     The batsman faces the bol defensively and it coach on side and filder collects the bol and there  is no run result.
6- vkns’kkRed okD;ksa esa &
     Go into your room and learn your lesson.
     Listen carefully what I say
7- vkns’kkRed fu"ks/k okD;kssa esa &
   Don’t make a noise.
     Don’t tell a lie.
·         Lke; lwpd ’kCn (Adverb of time) –
Always, ever, never, often, seldom, generally, usually, rarely, daily, regularly, sometimes, occasion ally, frequently, normally, every (day/ week/ month/ year/ July/ morning….) once, twice, whenever, every time.
·       Lkgk;d fØ;k (H.V) –
·       ldkjkRed okD;kssa esa H.V do/does dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
·       iz’uokpd vkSj udkjkRed okD;ksa esa H.V do/does dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
                                                                                                                                                                        1
·       ,dopu drkZ (he, she, it, Ram) – does
·       Ckgqopu drkZ (they, we, you, boys) vkSj I – do
·       eq[; fØ;k (M.V) – V1 (s/es/ y ds LFkku ij ies)
·       ldkjkRed okD;ksa esa cgqopu vFkok I drkZ gksus ij dsoy v1 dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
·       ldkjkRed okD;ksa esa v1 ds vUr esa sh, ch, x ,o, s, ss, z gksus ij es tksMrs vU;Fkk dsoy s tksMrs gSA
·       Y ds igys O;atu gksus ij y ds LFkku ij ies dk iz;ksx djrss gSA
·       okD; jpuk (sentence pattern) –
ldkjkRed okD; = S+V1(s/es/ies) + object.          – He teaches English.
udkjkRed okD; = S+do/does+not+v1+o              -- He does not teach English.
iz’uokpd okD; = Do/Does+S+V1+object.             – Does he teach English.
iz’u + udk okD; = Do/Does+S+not+V1+object?     -- Does he not teach English.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

·         igpku & jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gS] gqvk gS] gq;s gS vkfn ’kCn vkrs gSA
·         okD; jpuk &
Aff - Sub+is/are/am+V1+ing+object.
Neg – Sub+Is/are/am+not+v1+obj.
Ing – Is/are/am+Sub+V1+obj?
·         Lke; lwpd ’kCn (Adverbs of Time) – Now, today, tonight, at this time, at this moment, still, these days, now a days
·         iz;ksx &
1- ;g Tense okLrfod orZeku dk cks/k djkrk gS tks cksyrs le; Hkh tkjh gks ysfdu bl Tense ds okD;ksa esa 
   dk;ksZ ds ’kq: gksus dk le; ugha fn;k tkrk gSA
    The students are learning spoken English.
     Now I am doing my home-work.
2- Hkfo";dkyhu iwoZ fu;ksftr dk;ZØeksa dks izdV djus ds fy, &
   My friend is going to buy a new car next Monday.
     My sister is coming today at 5.30 p.m.
3- ;g Tense tkjh jgus okys dk;ksZ dks crkus ds fy, dke esa fy;k tkrk gS ijUrq ;g vko’;d ugha dh dk;Z   
  Ckksyrs le; Hkh tkjh gksA
   We are learning English.
    He is playing football.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
·         Ikgpku & fgUnh okD;ksa ds vUr esa pqdk gS] pqdh gS] pqds gS vkfn ’kCn vkrs gS vFkok vk gS] bZ gS] ,s gS dh /ouh vkrh gSA
·         okD; jpuk &
Affirmative – sub+has/have+v3 +obj.
Negative – sub+has/have +not+v3 +obj.
Interogative – Has/Have+sub+v3 + obj?
Wh-has/have+sub+v3 +obj?
·         le; lwpd ’kCn & Yet, just, so, far, hitherto, recently, lately, already, this(week/month/year…)
·         iz;ksx &                                                                                  
1-     ;g Tense mu dk;ksZ ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS tks vHkh gky gh esa lekIr gq;s gksA ,sls esa T;knkrj Just, Recently, Already vkfn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
He has just gone out.
I have already learnt my lesson.
2-     bl Tense dk iz;ksx ,sls dk;ksZ ds fy, Hkh fd;k tkrk gS tks Hkqrdky ls ’kq: gks ,oa orZeku esa Hkh tkjh gks ,ls okD;ksa esa Since/for dke esa fy;s tkrs gSA
I have been hear for three weeks.
He has worked in Jaipur since 2005.
3-     ,sls dk;ksZ ds fy, Hkh bl Tense dks dke esa fy;k tkrk gS tks Hkqrdky esa ?kVhr gks pqds gS ijUrq mudk izHkko vHkh Hkh cuk gqvk gSA
She has cut her finger.
She has lost her sari.
The teachers have come in classroom.
     4-  bl Tense dk iz;ksx This morning/Afternoon/Evening/Week/Month/Year vkfn ds lkFk fd;k tkrk
Tkc ;s iwjs ugha gq;s gksA
I have taken for tour cups of tea today.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
·         vFkZ & ,sls dk;Z tks oDrk )kjk O;Dr fd;s tkus ds le; tkjh gks vkSj dk;Z ds ’kq: gksus dk le; Hkh            fn;k gks bl Tense esa ’kkfey fd;s tkrs gSA
·         igpku & fgUnh okD;ksa ds vUr esa ls jgk gS] ls jgs gS] ls jgh gS] ls jgk gwWA
·         okD; jpuk &
Aff – Sub+have/has+been+v1+ing+ob+since/for+Time.
Neg – Sub+have/has+not+been+v1+ing+ob+since/for+Time.
In – Has/Have+sub+been+v1+ing+ob+since/for+Time?
  • Since/for dk iz;ksx lEca/kh fu;e &
For – For dk iz;ksx le; dh vo/kh ds fy, gksrk gS tSls For three hours, for two weeks, for seven month.
Since – Since dk iz;ksx fuf’pr le; ds fy, gksrk gS ?kMh dk le;] rkjhd] efgus dk uke] lu~] fnu dk uke vkfn ds lkFk Since dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls & Since 3 o’clock, Since Monday, Since 10 march, Since Jully, Since 1990, Since morning, Since evening, Since Yesterday, Since birth, Since death, Since marriage, Since last week, Since month Yksfdu For – The last week/month.
  • iz;ksx &
1-       ,sls fdlh dk;Z ds lkFk tks Hkqrdky esa fdlh le; ’kq: gwvk vkSj vHkh Hkh tkjh gSA
The Indian team has been practicing since 8 o’clock.
The student have been running for half an hout.

PAST TENSE
PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
  • vFkZ & bl Tense dk iz;ksx Hkqrdkyhu ?kVukvksa] dk;ksZ ,oa fu;fer :Ik ls ;k izk;% gksus okys dk;ksZ ,oa vknrksa dks crkus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
  • igpku & fgUnh okD;ksa ds vUr esa vk] bZ] ,s] dh ek=k;s vFkok Fkk] Fkh] Fks vkfn vkrs gSA
                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                 
  • okD; jpuk (Sentence pattern) –
Aff – Sub+v2+obj.
Neg – Sub+did+not+v1+obj.
In – Did+sub+v1+obj?
  • le; lwpd (Adverbs) –
Last night, Last year, Long ago, Yesterday, once, in two, Thousand eight, Some time back.
  • iz;ksx &
1-       bl Tense dk iz;ksx Hkqrdky esa gksus okys dk;ksZ ;k ?kVukvksa dks crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA tc bl Tense dk iz;ksx gksrk gS rks okD; esa fdlh ’kCn ds )kjk Hkqrdky ds le; dks O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA
He wrote a letter last year.
India became free in 1947.
2-       fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq ds ckjs esa fdlh izdkj dh lwpuk crkus ds fy, “B” fØ;k ds f}rh; :i Was/Were dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
He was at this home.
3-       Tkc fdlh dk;Z dk o.kZu le;kof/k ds iwjs gksus ls igys fd;k tk;k rks Present Perfect dk vkSj le;kof/k ds iwjs gksus ds Ik’pkr~ fd;k tk;s rks Present Indefinite dk iz;ksx gksxkA
I have a taken a lot of tea today.
He took a lot of tea yesterday.
 
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
  • bl dky ds okD;ksa ls izdV gksrk gS fd Hkqrdky esa dk;Z tkjh Fkk vkSj lekIr ugha gqvk ;k bl dky ds okD;ksa esa dk;Z ds ’kq: gksus dk le; ugha fn;k gksrk gSA
  • igpku & fgUnh ds okD;ksa ds vUr esa jgk Fkk] jgh Fkh] jgs Fks vkfn vkrs gSA
  • okD; jpuk &
Aff – Sub+Was/Were+v1+ing+obj.
Neg – Sub+Was/Were+not+v1+ing+obj.
Int – Was/Were+Sub+v1+ing+obj?
  • le; lwpd ’kCn & As, When, While.
  • iz;ksx &
1-       bldk iz;ksx ,sls dk;Z ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks Hkqrdky esa tkjh jgk gksA
He was living in Jaipur last year.
2-       bldk iz;ksx nks ;k nks ls vf/kd okD;ksa ds fy, Hkh gksrk gS tks Hkqrdky ds lkFk & lkFk tkjh jgs gks ;s izk;: While ls tqMs+ gksrs gSA
I was writing while my friends were reading.
3- bldk iz;ksx ,sls dk;ksZ ds fy, Hkh gksrk gS tks Hkqrdky esa ml le; rd tkjh jgs gks vkSj mlh chps
 dksbZ nwljk dk;Z Hkh gqvk gksA bl nwljs dk;Z ds fy, tks rqjUr lekIr gks tkrk gS Past Indefinite dk
   iz;ksx djrs gS ,oa tkjh jgus okys dk;Z ds fy, Past Continuous dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
   I was watching a movie on T.V when father came into my bed room.

PAST PERFECT TENSE
  • vFkZ & bl Tense ds okD;ksa ls Li"V gksrk gS fd dk;Z dks lekIr gq;s dkQh le; gks x;k gSA
  • igpku & fgUnh ds okD;ksa ds vUr esa Pkqdk Fkk] pqdh Fkh] fy;k Fkk] fy, Fks vkfn ’kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
  • okD; jpuk &
Aff – Sub+Has+v3+obj.                                                                                                                     
Neg – Sub+Has+not+v3+obj.
  • le; lwpd ’kCn & After, before, when, til, until, as soon as.
  • Ikz;ksx &
1-       bldk iz;ksx ,sls dk;ksZ ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks Hkqrdky esa fdlh nwljs dk;Z ls igys lekIr gks x;s gks mlesa Past Perfect Tense dk vkSj tk ckn esa gksrk gS mlesa Past Indefinite Tense dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ,ls okD;ksa dks tksM+us ds fy, Before, When, After dk iz;ksx gksrk gSSA
She had stept before her mother came.
The match started him after I had reached the stadium.
When the bell rang, we had finished the work.
2-       bl dky dk iz;ksx ,sls ’krZokpd okD; esa gksrk gS ftlesa ’krZ Hkqrdky esa iwjh u gqbZ gksA
If you had worked hard, you would have passed.
3-       Hkqrdky esa fdlh viw.kZ bPNk dks O;Dr dju ds fy, bl Tense dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
I wish I had not called him.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
  • vFkZ & bl Tense ds okD;ksa ls izdV gksrk gS fd dk;Z Hkqrdky esa fdlh le; pkyq gksdj ckn rd pyrk jgk Hkqrdky esa dk;Z jgus dk le; fn;k gksrk gSA
  • igpku & fgUnh okD;ksa ds vUr esa ls jgk Fkk] ls jgh Fkh] ls jgs Fks vkfn ’kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
  • okD; jpuk &
Aff - Sub+had+been+v1+ing+obj+since/for+Time.
Neg - Sub+had+not+been+v1+ing+obj+since/for+Time.
Int – Had+Sub+been+v1+ing+obj+since/for+Time?
  • le; lwpd ’kCn & Since/For/All+Past Indefinite Tense
  • iz;ksx &
1-       bldk iz;ksx ,sls dk;Z ds fy, gksrk gS tks Hkqrdky esa gh fdlh le; pkyw gksdj Hkqrdky esa gh fdlh
le; pkyw jgk gksA
My friends had been singing a  song since 9 o’clock.

FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
  • vFkZ & bl dky ls Kkr gksrk gS fd dk;Z Hkfo"; esa gksxkA
  • igpku & fgUnh ds okD;ksa ds vUr esa xk] xh] xs vkfn ’kCn vkrs gSA
  • okD; jpuk &
Aff – Sub+Shall/Will+v1+obj.
Neg – Sub+Shall/Will+not+v1+obj.
Int – Shall/Will+Sub+v1+obj.
  • le; lwpd ’kCn & Tomorrow, Next (day, week, month, year), In a few days, Never, Always.
  • lkekU; fu;e &
  • I rFkk We ds lkFk Shall dk iz;ksx djrs gS ’ks"ks lHkh dŸkkZvksa ds lkFk Will dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
  • NOTE – vk/kqfud vaxzsth esa I rFkk We ds lkFk Hkfo";dky O;Dr djus ds fy, Shall ds LFkku ij Will dk iz;kx djus yxk tkus yxk gS Yksfdu iz’uokpd okD;ksa esa I rFkk We ds lkFk Shall dk iz;kx gksrk gS Will dk ugha gksxkA
  • iz;kx &
1-     Hkfo"; esa fdlh ds gksus ds fy, bl dky dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA                           
He will come tomorrow.
I shall/will buy a new computer.
Will you buy a new computer.
2-     tc nks okD; Hkfo";dky dky dk cks/k djokrs gS rks ,d esa Future Tense rFkk nwljs esa Present Indefinite Tense dk iz;ksx gksrk gS ftl okD; esa le; dk cks/k djokus ’kCn tSl & When, Whenever, While, Before, In case vkfn gks rks okD; dks Present Indefinite esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
When he comes, I shall play cards with him.
I shall wait for you until you comes back.
3- [kqyh ’krZ okys ’krZokpd okD; esa bl dky dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
   If she works hard, she will get the first position.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
·         vFkZ & bl dky ds okD;ksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd Hkfo"; esa dksbZ dk;Z tkjh jgsxkA
  • igpku & fgUnh ds okD;ksa ds vUr esa jgk gksxk] jgh gksxh] jgs gksxs vkfn ’kCn vkrs gSA bl dky ds okD;ksa esa dk;Z ds yxkrkj tkjh jgus dk le; ugha fn;k gksrk gSa
·         okD; jpuk &
Aff – Sub+Will/Shall+be+v1+ing+obj.
Neg - Sub+Will/Shall+not+be+v1+ing+obj.
Int – Will/Shall+Sub+be+v1+ing+obj?
·         le; lqpd ’kCn & At this time/Moment tomorrow.
·         Ikz;ksx &
1-       bl dky dk iz;ksx ,sls dk;Z ds fy, gksrk gS tks Hkfo"; ls pkyw gksdj dqN le; rd tkjh jgsxkA
He Will be watching T.V.
2-       bl dky dk iz;ksx ,sls dk;Z ds fy, Hkh gksrk gS tks igys ls fuf’pr fd;k gksA
We shall be playing tomorrow evening.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
·       vFkZ & bl dky ls izdV gksrk gS fd dk;Z Hkfo"; esa lekIr gks tk;sxkA
·       igpku & fgUnh ds okD;ksa ds vUr esa pqdsxk] pqdsxh] pqdksxs vkfn ’kCn vkrs gSA
·       okD; jpuk &
Aff – Sub+Shall/Will+Have+v3+obj.
Neg - Sub+Shall/Will+not+Have+v3+obj.
Int – Shall/Will+Sub+Have+v3+obj?
·       le; lwpd ’kCn & izk;: bu okD;ksa ds izkjEHk ;k vUr esa By+Time ;k By be and of Time
They will have finished their work by tomorrow evening.
·       Ikz;ksx &
1-       bl dky dk iz;ksx ,sls dk;Z ds fy, gksrk gS tks Hkfo"; esa fdlh fu/kkZfjr le; esa lekIr gks pqdsxkA
He will have learnt the book by next month.
2- bl Tense dk iz;ksx le; lwpd miokD; ds lkFk Hkh gksrk gS tks miOkkD; esa le; crkrk gS mlesa Pre
    Present Indefinite dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
    When you come back, I shall have read the book.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
·       vFkZ & bl dky ds okD;ksa esa dk;Z dk Hkfo";dky esa tkjh jguk ik;k tkrk gSA
·       igpku & fgUnh ds okD;ksa ds vUr esa ls jgk gksxk] ls jgh gksxh] ls jgs gksxs vkfn ’kCn vkrs gSA
·       okD; jpuk &                                                                          
Aff – Sub+Will/Shall+Have+been+v1+ing+obj+since/for+Time.
Neg – Sub+Will/Shall+not+Have+been+v1+ing+obj+since/for+Time.
Int – Will/Shall+Sub+Have+been+v1+obj+since/for+Time?
·       le; lwpd ’kCn & Since/for+Present Indefinite, since/for(by+Future Time)
·       iz;ksx &
1-       bl Tense dk iz;ksx Hkfo"; esa fdlh le; fo’ks"k rd tkjh jgus okys dk;Z ds fy, gksrk gSA bl dky
ds okD;ksa esa Since/For/All ds lkFk & lkFk By+Time fn;k gks ldrk gSA
By the end of this month, we shall have been reading in this school for two years.

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